Showing posts with label Dirk. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Dirk. Show all posts

Friday, June 17, 2011

Dirk is Great, But Let's Take it Easy

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The Dallas Mavericks are champions of the basketball world! They defeated the evil Miami Heat in 6 games to take the 2011 title on Miami's own floor! Dirk Nowtizki led a team of role players against a team with 2 and a half superstars and came out victorious! Dirk is the best scorer in the league and the best closer in the league! He should have been the league MVP! He's a top 15 player of all time!

Wait... what?

Are people listening to what they are saying? Does that last bit sound right? Let's look into it.

Before the playoffs if you were to take a poll of reasonably educated NBA fans where would Dirk rank? I personally would probably have him between 25 and 30, and I think the general population would probably have him around there or possibly slightly lower. Now what did he do in the playoffs to warrant the huge bump in the rankings...

He posted a PER of 25.2. A very good mark to be sure, a full 1.5 points better than Lebron James, and only 1.1 below Dwyane Wade. But wait, was this PER (which does a decent job of summarizing offensive production while factoring in pace and minutes played) affecting the huge jump in how people ranked him? I don't think so. He topped his 25.2 mark in 5 previous playoffs, with marks of 27.5, 26.8, 26.3, 28.4, and 28.3 in '04, '06, '08, '09, and '10 respectively. Now with the exception of 2006 (reached finals, 23 games total) and 2009 (second round, 10 games total), the samples were all rather small, but it looks from that data that Dirk did not exactly reach some new level in these playoffs. In fact, Dirk significantly outperformed this PER's in each of the past 2 years, so we shouldn't have been surprised by how he played this postseason. For the record Dirk also had 4 years where he had a PER higher than 25.2 in the regular season, so we have seen him play at this level for quite some time.

Now of course, PER isn't the all determining stat. So let's look at some other numbers. Dirk posted a stellar TS% of 60.9% in the playoffs, largely due to an absurd 175/186 performance from the free throw line. However, Dirk significantly outperformed that mark in the previous 2 playoffs, with marks of 63.5% and 64.3%. He had a reasonable EFG% of 51.4%, but once again he achieved higher marks the previous 2 years, and also in 2003. So yes Dirk definitely shot better than he normally has in the playoffs in his career, but he actually took a step backward from recent playoffs.

What about raw numbers? His 27.7 points per game was the second best mark of his career, topped only by his 28.4 in 2002. So good for him. However his 8.1 rebounds per game tied for the lowest mark in his career, and was far below his career playoff rebounding average of 10.4. Now some of that is clearly due to finally having a solid rebounding center in Chandler beside him, but it's still not an overly impressive performance. Also, despite having probably the best shooting supporting cast of his career, he averaged only 2.5 assists per game, which is right around his career playoff average, and worse than his numbers in his previous 3 playoffs.

Now of course people will say “Who cares how great he was playing in the first round in past years, it's all about what you do in the finals!”. Alright then, let's look at the finals. 26 points, 9.7 rebounds, 2 assists, under a block and a steal, 41.6% from the field, 36.8% from 3, almost 3 turnovers per game. What about those numbers screams “Oh my god Dirk is amazing!”?. Nothing. Now he was truly special from the free throw line, shooting 45 for 46. He grabbed only 2 offensive rebounds all series, compared to 14 by teammate Shawn Marion and 24 by Tyson Chandler. Heck Barea doubled his offensive rebound output. And yes, he closed some games out, namely game 6, when he went 5-6 in the last quarter to seal the ring, but people will conveniently ignore that Terry carried the Mavs for the first 3 quarters of the biggest game of the year while Dirk was busy going 4-21. Really, Dirk was the deserving Finals MVP, but was he even the best player, with Wade going for 26.5/7/5.2 with 1.5 steals, 1.5 blocks on a stellar 55% shooting while averaging slightly fewer turnovers and having a much bigger defensive impact? I don't think so.

Now, while coming up huge in the finals would be nice, it's not really necessary. Dirk's first 3 rounds were truly spectacular at times. The number of comebacks he led was astounding. His shooting in game 1 of the WCF was legendary. He came up clutch time and time again in these playoffs, as he has done for years. If there is one reason that people think so much more highly of Dirk, it's because this postseason helped erase the (entirely false) notion that he is a choker.

And this leads to the next problem; our society's tendency to associate the success of a team with the performance of the individual. For Dirk, a championship validates every thing he has worked hard for, it vanquishes the demons left over from that horrible loss in '06. For us, a championship validates nothing. Or at least, that's how it should be. Dirk didn't win the title, the Mavericks did. Was Dirk extremely important? Of course he was. But there is no way they win the series without the enormous contributions of Jason Terry (who probably hit more clutch shots than Dirk in the finals), Tyson Chandler (who seemed to outrebound the entire Miami team at times), Jason Kidd (who hit so many huge threes at the most crucial times), Shawn Marion (who forced the league's best player to have his worst series in years), JJ Barea (who carved up Miami's D despite all logic that would tell us that's impossible), Deshawn Stevenson and more. Heck Brian Cardinal was huge in game 6. So yes Dirk was huge, and he, along with his teammates, earned this title. But here's the ridiculous logic people use. Dirk played pretty well in the finals, he got great help, and they win, so now Dirk is a true champion, a winner, and all those other great things. This is what happened. Now suppose Dirk plays at the same level, but now suppose Bosh shot 7-16 instead of 4-16 in game 2, which we all know he was fully capable of doing since he was missing open shots, and now game 2 is a 4 point win for Miami instead of a 2 point win for Dallas. Now suppose Terry doesn't catch fire in the first half of game 6. With Dirk shooting 1-12 the Mavs are probably in a 10 or 15 point hole and might never recover. And just like that, the Larry O'Brien trophy is headed East.

Now obviously that is a purely hypothetical situation, and far from reality. But did Dirk's impact on the game change in either scenario? No, it did not. Yet the situation changed completely, and possibly the winner of the series. Yet one scenario results in Dirk being thought of as a clutch hero and the other as an unreliable choker? I fail to see the logic behind that reasoning.

It's a flaw in our general way of thinking, and the media doesn't help. What sounds like a better story? “Dirk has a solid series as Mavs beat the Heat”, or “Dirk leads Mavs over Big 3 and cements his legacy”? It's not a contest, the second sounds better, and is also a much easier story to write. In today's world stories must be catchy, and to do that writers often tend to produce material that is usually exaggerated, and frankly quite often wrong.

So those statements at the beginning of the post (Dirk is the best scorer in the league and the best closer in the league! He should have been the league MVP! He's a top 15 player of all time!), are all statements I have heard several times since the Mavericks won the title. Let's quickly examine each.

First off, best scorer. Per 36 minutes he average 24 points on a True Shooting Percentage of 61.2%.. Very good numbers. He does have a case for this one, although Durant, Melo (the most versatile scorer), and Lebron all have a good argument as well.

Best closer? I think he probably wins this one. There are other players with an argument, but when you consider the stats, and look at how dominant Dallas becomes down the stretch because of his play, I'm not sure anyone beats him out, at least not for this year.

League MVP? Now this is where is starts getting silly. Dirk was not the league MVP. Granted, he probably deserved better than the 6th place finish he got. I feel he was certainly more valuable than Kobe, and probably more so than Durant too. But no he was not the league MVP. He did not mean more to his team this year than Dwight Howard or Lebron James, both of whom deserved it more than Derrick Rose, but that's an argument that has been addressed many times (for the record I think Dwight was the MVP). Dirk had a very good season, and I'm not a “stats tell the whole story” guy by any stretch, but 23 points and 7 rebounds per game with average defense does not an MVP make when Dwight is averaging 23 and 14 on 60% shooting with incredible defense, or when Lebron is being... well Lebron. Dirk had a very good regular season, and a great playoffs, but this is just a case of people placing too much value on the results of the playoffs. Dirk was not the regular season MVP.

And finally... Dirk is a top 15 player of all time.

Wait...

Hold up...

Are you serious?

WHERE DID THIS COME FROM?

Look I'm a Dirk fan, I've been one since around 2001. I defended his performance against the Warriors in 2007. I defended him when people said he was mentally or physically soft, when the reality was that getting beat by the Spurs isn't something that warrants excuses. I defended him when people said his defense was horrible, or that he was a choker...


But I will not defend this. Dirk is not a top 15 all time player. He's great, but here's a quick list (in no real order).

MJ, Magic, Bird, Kareem, Wilt, Russell, Duncan, Oscar, West, Baylor, Olajuwon, Garnett, Shaq, Kobe, Moses, Barkley, Erving, Havlicek Stockton, Isiah.

That's 20, quite easily. Even if you don't agree with all 20, there are numerous other arguable ones, such as Karl Malone, Pippen, Walton, Iverson, Nash, Pettit, Reed, Ewing, Drexler, Mikan, Robinson, Kidd, Cousy, and screw it, Lebron. Even if you throw out the old guys because, let's face it, they just weren't as good at basketball, there are still easily 15 guys who are better than Dirk. And you know what, there's more that I'm forgetting.

Dirk is terrific, he's a transcendent scorer, a dependable clutch player, and by all accounts a beloved teammate. But he lacks certain things that most of those players in that upper echelon possess, such as a dominant impact on the defensive end. Or some other skill to fall back on when his shot isn't falling (in game 6, when he was busy going 4-21 through 3 quarters, what else was Dirk doing to try to impact the game? Not a whole lot). He's not a great rebounder for his size (I don't care how far away he is from the basket during the offense, no 7 footer should only grab 2 offensive rebounds in a 6 game series). He's an incredible player, but to get into that top 15 or so players of all time, you need to be nearly perfect. Dirk is not.

It will calm down in a few years. People will look back on this year's playoffs, and they will remember that Dirk was consistently cool under pressure, that he delivered when they needed him, that he submitted a few truly memorable performances, and that he found redemption. And we will think back, and compare it to the other great runs in history, and realize that while Dirk was special, in the grand scheme of things it wasn't as magical as it seems in the moment. And nobody except the most die hard of Dirk fans will still be making these ridiculous claims.

Unless of course, he does it again. And if there's one thing we've learned in these playoffs, it's that Dirk is fully capable of proving people wrong.

Friday, May 27, 2011

Consistent Scorers

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What is a consistent scorer? Some people seem to think it is someone with a good field goal percentage. I’m here to set the record straight, and to come up with a list of the most consistent elite scorers in the league.

So how would we define consistency when it comes to scoring in the NBA. One of the best ways is probably to look at how much a player’s scoring differs from his average on a game to game basis. This is called the variance, and we will explore this in this article.

The formula for what we will call PPG VARIANCE is as follows.
Where n is the number of games a player participates in during the season (n is always less than or equal to 82), i is an number between 1 and n, xi is the player’s scoring output in the ith game of the season, and X is the player’s scoring average for the 2010-2011 season. For those of you who don’t understand summation notation, this calculates the average squared distance between a player’s scoring in an individual game and their scoring average for the season.

Now it would be nice to be able to compute this for every player in the league, but unfortunately I don’t have nearly enough time to do that. So for this article we focus on elite scorers, which I will arbitrarily define to be players who averaged over 20 points per game this season. So our study will focus on the following 19 players.

Kevin Durant, Lebron James, Carmelo Anthony, Dwyane Wade, Kobe Bryant, Amare Stoudemire, Derrick Rose, Monta Ellis, Kevin Martin, Dirk Nowitzki, Blake Griffin, Russell Westbrook, Lamarcus Aldridge, Andrea Bargnani, Danny Granger, Brook Lopez, Kevin Love, and Zach Randolph.

I computed the PPG VARIANCE for the previous 19 players. Remember that if a player has a lower PPG VARIANCE than another player it means that on average that player’s per game scoring output is closer to his season average than the 2nd player, which would imply that the first player is a more consistent scorer. Without further ado, here are the results (in order from smallest to largest).

Player
PPG VARIANCE
Player
PPG VARIANCE
Zach Randolph
39.86382
Lebron James
54.09966
Kevin Durant
41.46433
Kevin Martin
58.6725
Danny Granger
44.5528
Brook Lopez
59.31365
Dirk Nowitzki
46.30062
Kevin Love
60.17114
Russell Westbrook
47.26249
Lamarcus Aldridge
60.48041
Kobe Bryant
48.44438
Andrea Bargnani
63.78972
Amare Stoudemire
48.70957
Dwyane Wade
71.19581
Dwight Howard
52.39382
Carmelo Anthony
73.59352
Blake Griffin
53.10366
Monta Ellis
89.74984
Derrick Rose
53.78997



So from the above table, we see that by this measure Zach Randolph was the most consistent elite scorer in the league, and Monta Ellis was by far the least consistent.

However, is this an accurate measure of consistency? If a player averages 25 points per game, and gets 25 points on 10 shots one night and 25 points on 25 shots the next night, is he being consistently productive? By the previous measure, he would be considered consistent, but I don’t think that’s really true. Which is why another calculation needs to be done.

We will now define TS% VARIANCE as
Note that this is the exact same as the PPG VARIANCE formula, except we replace scoring average by season TS% (Y), and game by game scoring with game by game TS% (yi). As with PPG VARIANCE a lower TS%% VARIANCE implies more consistent scoring.

The reason we use TS% instead of regular FG% is that TS% takes into account both the additional value of 3 pointers and free throws, where FG% counts regular field goals and 3 pointers the same amount, and completely disregards free throws. For any who don’t know, the formula for True Shooting Percentage is

Points/(2*(FGA + .44*FTA))

Doing the TS% VARIANCE calculation for the same 19 players yielded the following results.

Player
TS% Variance
Player
TS% Variance
Kobe Bryant
.009744
Zach Randolph
.015197
Lebron James
.010283
Kevin Martin
.015922
Russell Westbrook
.011181
Carmelo Anthony
.017120
Dwight Howard
.011262
Dwyane Wade
.017304
Brook Lopez
.012255
Monta Ellis
.018556
Blake Griffin
.012311
Danny Granger
.019819
Amare Stoudemire
.012812
Dirk Nowitzki
.020285
Kevin Durant
.012942
Andrea Bargnani
.021580
Lamarcus Aldridge
.014153
Kevin Love
.026834
Derrick Rose
.014248



So by this measure, Kobe and Lebron are the most consistent shooters, and Love is by far the least consistent.

So finally, to determine which of these elite scorers are the most consistent, we must combine these two measures.

The first way we might do this would be to simply look at how each player ranked in each measure, add the two numbers together, and then rank the players accordingly. This would be alright, but it probably isn’t the perfect measure. Why is that? If you look at the TS% VARIANCE table, you see that Griffin is only the tiniest bit behind Lopez, and is thus one spot behind. However, Love is in 20th and is extremely far behind Bargnani, who is one spot ahead of him. If we were to just add the rankings, Love would be penalized the same amount (one point) for how far behind Bargnani he is as Blake would be penalized for being behind Lopez. However, Blake and Lopez are essentially tied, while Love is clearly getting destroyed. Also, our final table would do nothing to show the differences in consistencies between 2 players, it would only show the rank. This would not accurately represent a combination of the 2 measures, so we need a better one.

We want to be able to just add the numbers together. However, since the numbers for FG% VARIANCE are as high as 80, but TS% VARIANCE numbers are not even remotely close to 1, we need to introduce a scale factor. Define the Scale Factor (Q) as

So for our sample, the average PPG VARIANCE is 56.155, and the average TS% Variance is .01546. We then calculate Q to be 3631.459 for our sample.

We then multiply each player’s TS% VARIANCE by this scale factor to get Adjusted TS% Variance. The results are shown in the following table.
Player
Adjusted TS% VARIANCE
Player
Adjusted TS% VARIANCE
Kobe Bryant
35.38493
Zach Randolph
55.18728
Lebron James
37.34229
Kevin Martin
57.82009
Russell Westbrook
40.60334
Carmelo Anthony
62.17058
Dwight Howard
40.89749
Dwyane Wade
62.83876
Brook Lopez
44.50353
Monta Ellis
67.38535
Blake Griffin
44.70689
Danny Granger
71.97187
Amare Stoudemire
46.52625
Dirk Nowitzki
73.66415
Kevin Durant
46.99834
Andrea Bargnani
78.36689
Lamarcus Aldridge
51.39604
Kevin Love
97.44657
Derrick Rose
51.74103



That looks better, those numbers have the same average size as those for PPG VARIANCE. We can now finally define what I will call a consistency value. The formula is simply.

Consistency Value= PPG VARIANCE + Adjusted TS% VARIANCE

Or alternatively

Consistency Value= PPG Variance + Q*TS% VARIANCE

So our final results are as follows

Player
Consistency Value
Player
Consistency Value
Kobe Bryant
83.82932
Lamarcus Aldridge
111.8764
Russell Westbrook
87.86763
Kevin Martin
116.4926
Kevin Durant
88.46267
Danny Granger
116.5247
Lebron James
91.44395
Dirk Nowitzki
119.9648
Dwight Howard
93.29131
Dwyane Wade
134.0346
Zach Randolph
95.0511
Carmelo Anthony
135.7641
Amare Stoudemire
95.2361
Andrea Bargnani
142.1566
Blake Griffin
97.81055
Monta Ellis
157.1352
Brook Lopez
103.8172
Kevin Love
157.6177
Derrick Rose
105.531



So the winner is... Kobe? That’s surprising, at least to me, since his game is based mostly around mid range jump shots which I would generally think are more inconsistent. After him you have Westbrook, which makes sense due to his high number of free throw attempts and fast break buckets. Durant also makes sense due to his extremely high free throw attempts at a consistently high percentage. After that you have Lebron, and then 5 big men in a row.

The biggest surprise is probably how low Wade is. As a player who draws a large number of free throws and attacks the rim a lot, he would seem to be a consistent player. Apparently that is not the case. Love finished lower than expected simply because he had BY FAR the worst TS% variance. After adjustment he was almost 20 points behind 19th place. Ellis had a similar problem with PPG Variance.

Some final notes: This is not a perfect measure of consistency. For one it doesn’t do anything to account for minutes played. If Dwight plays only 20 minutes in a game because his team is up 30, that hurts his PPG VARIANCE. However, over the course of a season the effect isn’t that large. It also ignores other stats like turnovers that could be considered a part of being a consistent scorer.

Finally, and I cannot stress this enough... BEING A MORE CONSISTENT SCORER DOES NOT MEAN YOU ARE A BETTER SCORER! This is extremely important. Durant and Westbrook have nearly identical consistency by this measure, but would you rather have Durant scoring 28 points on a TS% of 59% or Westbrook scoring 22 on a TS% of 54%. It’s no contest. Being a more consistent scorer means we can better understand what to expect from that player on a day to day basis. Nothing more.

Hopefully you found this interesting. I appreciate any feedback and look out for future articles that may go into more detail with this stat.